Motivational Quotes

Beginning with DSM-III, these systems dramatically increased the number of diagnostic categories and reduced the number of exclusion criteria so that many people who would have received only a single diagnosis in previous systems now receive multiple diagnoses. The intention was to retain potentially important differentiating information that could be useful in refining understanding of etiology, course, and likely treatment response (First, Spitzer, & Williams, 1990).

In conclusion, anxiety may trigger alcohol consumption. Alternatively, alcohol intake may also cause the development of anxiety symptoms. Indeed, clinical observations show that increased quantities of alcohol consumed per drinking session are associated with in- creased symptoms of anxiety in the sober state (75), and withdrawal from alcohol, which can be conceptualized as a rebound phenomenon of the CNS from recent alcohol consumption, has been shown to be anxiogenic in both humans (406) and in rats (196).

When the personal cost of drinking or drug use becomes noticeable, it can   still be written off or excused as merely atypical. Addicts tend to orient their  activities around their addictive behavior; they may forego friends and activities  where drinking or drug use is not featured. Some may isolate themselves; others  may change their circle of friends in order to be with people who drink or use in the  same way they do. They engage in faulty yet persuasive alcoholic reasoning, willing  to take anything as evidence that they do not have a problem; no amount of  reasoning will persuade them otherwise. Each time the addict makes a promise to  cut down or stop but does not, the chains get more constricting. (“In the Cave: Philosophy and Addiction - NYTimes.com”, 2)

The philosophic foundation of the modern TC (therapeutic community)  is personal responsibility for one’s be`1havior and the belief that change is fully possible if the individual exerts the personal effort to follow the teachings of the program. (Ries et al. 2014, 988).

There is little evidence that any disease has the capacity to impose specific integrated behavioural strings in the place of previous ones. However, it may be the case that, in response to the conditions created by a disease, people will voluntarily adopt various strategies to cope with it; and that in a probabilistic sense, some strategies are more useful, and hence more likely, than others.