04 November 2016

Twerski, Abraham J. (1997): Addictive thinking. Understanding the addictive process and compulsive behavior /  Abraham J. Twerski, with a foreword by John Wallace. 2nd ed. Center City, MN: Hazelden.

There’re no medicines to treat the alcohol addiction. Those used nowadays (in the USA they use three types – Disulfiram, Naltrexone, Acamprosate) are just auxiliary ones. In general, we’re more than confident that no chemical agent, to cure the alcohol addiction can be invented at all, but let’s talk about it some other time. Even taking the addiction as an illness, this illness is treated by word, sometimes by magic.

Hopelessness theory of depression.

The  common-language term hopelessness captures the two core elements  of this proximal sufficient cause; (a) negative expectations  about the occurrence of highly valued outcomes (a negative  outcome expectancy), and (b) expectations of helplessness  about changing the likelihood of occurrence of these outcomes  (a helplessness expectancy).