Интересные цитаты

There is more to consciousness than the reflexive  character 'in this very experience ... ', or the apperception  therein of one's current experience. For part of  what makes an experience conscious - what brings it  to life-is its 'phenomenal' quality, 'quale'.  Qualia are traditionally defined as the 'raw feels' of  sensations, of experiences such as pains, tickles, dizziness,  etc. But this notion needs to be generalized. Not  only sensations, but all consciousness mental states  have qualia.

Each living being must interact with its environment  in order to survive. For living beings,  vital contact between organism and environment  must always be maintained—in the face of all the  risks of breaking away, in a manner of “continuous  discontinuity,” so to speak. We can call this  principle of sustaining contact the “Subject” of  life in the precise etymological sense of subjectum,  which designates what lies at the base of  all living behavior. In so far as the “Subject” can  be effective only as long as the organism continues  to live, it certainly belongs to this organism,  but it by no means resides inside of it.

Descartes was onto something, l I am not indubitably   certain, in consciousness, that I exist and that I am   thinking such-and-such. But for so long as I am conscious,   consciously thinking such-and-such, I am   aware that I am so thinking. And that awareness - of   my experience and so of myself- defines consciousness.   Yet modern philosophy was soon beset with   puzzles about the self, self-awareness, and inner   awareness of experience.

Проявление этого аллостатического состояния как компульсивного приема наркотиков и утраты контроля над приемом наркотиков гипотетически рассматривается как выраженное через активацию нейронного контура, участвующего в компульсивном поведении такого как кортико-стриарно-таламический контур. Представление о зависимости как о патологии исходящей в резульате действия аллостатического механизма, использующего контуры естественного побуждения, позволяет реалистично установить нейробиологические факторы, способствующие уязвимости к зависомости....