The Addiction Philosophy Map
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The personality system of psychoanalysis dealt with the driving forces or energies that have been called instincts or urges for self-preservation, and creative forces were called libido. The death instincts were energies directed either inward toward self-destruction, or outward in aggression or hatred. Freud divided psychic mental life of the personality into id, ego, and superego. The id included sexual and aggressive instincts, no value judgments, and energies directed toward immediate satisfaction and tension reduction; it obeyed the pleasure principle

We can endlessly complicate this picture involving new combinations, but apparently, in the analysis of the interaction of alcohol (such as tobacco or other drugs) with the human body and our mind we’ll never reach the full knowledge. However, remaining within the frameworks of behaviorism we breach its logic step by step. The more options and combinations, the more clearly the simplicity turns into complexity and verifiable things are replaced by hypothetical ones. On the other hand, understanding the complexity of any biological organism (not just human) we feel a priori it shall really be so. 9

Read more
Avery, Jason A., Kaiping Burrows, Kara L. Kerr, Jerzy Bodurka, Sahib S. Khalsa, Martin P. Paulus, and W. K. Simmons. 2016. “How the Brain Wants What the Body Needs: The Neural Basis of Positive Alliesthesia.” Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.128.