The Addiction Philosophy Map
Glossary of terms used on this site
Glossaries
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| salience |
salience
is attributed to subsequent perceptions and mental representations of the associated object, act, event or place, by a separate neural system from those responsible for the first two processes. This third process of salience attribution (incentive salience) is proposed here to involve dopamine. The attribution of incentive salience causes the associated situation to become attractive and ‘wanted’ and it is this psychological process that produces the direct manifestation of incentive motivation: goal-directed seeking and instrumental behavior.
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| Sensitivity |
: the quality or state of being sensitive: as
a: the capacity of an organism or sense organ to respond to stimulation : irritability b: the quality or state of being hypersensitive Alliesthesia -- describes the dependence of the perception of pleasure or disgust perceived when consuming a stimulus on the "milieu intérieur" of the organism. Therefore, a stimulus capable of ameliorating the state of the interior milieu, will be perceived as pleasant. In contrast, a stimulus disturbing the milieu interne of the organism will be perceived as unpleasant or even painful. The sensation elicited therefore depends not only on the quality or on the intensity of the stimulus, but also on internal receptors, and is subjective.
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| Sensitization |
Sensitization has been defined as the increased response to a drug that follows its repeated presentation but can take on a broader meaning when considered in the context of increased responsiveness of any drug-related phenotype (see below). Psychomotor sensitization, as defined by increased locomotor activation produced by repeated administration of a drug, is more likely to occur with intermittent exposure of drugs, whereas tolerance is more likely to occur with continuous exposure. A conceptualization of the role of psychomotor sensitization in drug dependence has been proposed where a shift in an incentive-salience state described as “wanting” was hypothesized to be progressively increased by repeated exposure to drugs of abuse (Robinson and Berridge 1993).
References Koob, G. 2001. “Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis.” Neuropsychopharmacology 24 (2): 97–129. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00195-0.
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| serotonin | a phenolic amine neurotransmitter C10H12N2O that is a powerful vasoconstrictor and is found especially in the brain, blood serum, and gastric mucous membrane of mammals—called also 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and is found in allbilateral animals, where it mediates gut movements and the animal's perceptions of resource availability. In less complex animals, such as some invertebrates, resources simply mean food availability. In more complex animals, such as arthropods and vertebrates, resources also can mean social dominance. In response to the perceived abundance or scarcity of resources, an animal's growth, reproduction or mood may be elevated or lowered. This may somewhat depend on how much serotonin the organism has at its disposa
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| SMART |
SMART Recovery (Self Management and Recovery Training) is an international non-profit organization which provides assistance to individuals seeking abstinence from addictive behaviors. The approach used is secular and scientifically based using non-confrontational motivational, behavioral and cognitive methods. People who participate in SMART Recovery meetings learn recovery methods derived from evidence-based addiction treatments
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| superego |
superego -
the one of the three divisions of the psyche in psychoanalytic theory that is only partly conscious, represents internalization of parental conscience and the rules of society, and functions to reward and punish through a system of moral attitudes, conscience, and a sense of guilt — compare ego, id
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