Январь 2017
Клиническая психология и культура совсем неожиданная тема для меня. С точки зрения философии, существует два типа научного знания. Так называемые точные или натуральные науки придерживаются следующего тезиса: «То, что верно в Сиднее должно быть верно в Шанхае, Сингапуре или другом месте на Земле». С другой стороны, для гуманитарных наук свойственна тесная привязанность к местным и национальным условиям, без которых их смысл теряется или сильно искажается. Как-то интуитивно все, что связано с медициной, ассоциируется с науками точным
The mind and its relationship to the brain have been investigated extensively in neuroscience and philosophy. However, either way of their determination raises principal problems whose solution seem rather difficult. These problems shall be called ‘mind-problems’ (see Figure 1) and are discussed either implicitly or explicitly in the ‘philosophy of mind’. Empirically, themind is determined by neuronal states, which are supposed to characterize the brain. Neuronal states of the brain are investigated empirically and related directly to different psychological and physiological functions. Meanwhile mental states can neither be investigated empirically nor related directly to neuronal states. Unlike neuronal states,mental states are not accessible in Third-Person Perspective, whichmakes their direct empirical investigation impossible.
Rumination is defined as ‘a mode of responding to distress that involves repetitively and passively focusing on symptoms of distress and on the possible causes and consequences of these symptoms’ (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008). This tendency characterizes depression (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008), and has been ascribed to deficient control processes that cannot rid memory of negative information (Joormann, 2005). As such, a growing literature has examined the relationship between depressive rumination and cognitive control during demanding cognitive tasks. However, it is likely that the most prominent display of rumination is not when people are engaged in a task, but when they are at rest.